Terra et Aqua 101 – complete issue

Read the complete issue containing articles, upcoming events, an interview and book review.

Hydraulic Transport of Sand/Shell Mixtures in Relation with the Critical Velocity

When pumping shells through a pipeline, a much higher velocity is required to make them erode and go back into suspension, because although the settling velocity of shells is much lower than equivalent sand particles, the erosion velocity is much higher.

Montpellier Sea Outfall: Europe’s Longest Marine PE Pipe Project

The increasing population in the Montpellier, France environment required a new waste water treatment plan. Studies indicated that for maximum safety the sea outfall should be placed 11 km off the coast – an enormous length to lay an outfall pipe.

Local Sediment Management at Leeward-Going-Through in Providenciales, Turks and Caicos

The IADC Award winning paper explains how widening and improving the severely eroded Emerald Beach shoreline required recognition of local interests in tourism and fishing, and cooperation between property owners, government, environmental groups and dredge contractors.